Azerbaijan’s new school uniform regulations have sparked protests after authorities began restricting the wearing of Islamic headscarves in public schools, raising concerns about religious freedom in the Muslim-majority country.
The government approved the new rules in September 2026, prohibiting clothing that authorities consider incompatible with the secular character of state education. Although the regulations do not explicitly mention the hijab, some schools have reportedly prevented female students and teachers wearing Islamic headscarves from entering school premises.
The decision has triggered opposition from religious communities and families who believe students should be allowed to express their religious beliefs through their clothing.
Azerbaijan is a predominantly Muslim country, with approximately 96% of its population identifying as Muslim. However, its constitution establishes a secular state and guarantees freedom of religion. The government has defended the regulations as a way to maintain uniformity and neutrality in public education.
Protests against the restrictions have taken place in the capital, Baku, and other areas. According to reports citing Azerbaijan’s Interior Ministry, 37 people were detained on October 12 over demonstrations opposing the enforcement of the rules. Authorities said the arrests were linked to disruptions of public order.
The controversy has also attracted attention beyond Azerbaijan, with officials and lawmakers in neighbouring Türkiye criticising the restrictions. Azerbaijan’s governing party has responded by defending the country’s right to manage its domestic affairs.
The dispute highlights the ongoing tension between secular education policies and religious expression. While the government maintains that standardised dress requirements promote equality among students, critics argue that restricting the hijab interferes with individual religious freedoms.
The issue is likely to remain a subject of public debate as authorities continue enforcing the new school regulations.
